Brearley ya kirkiro bakin karfe ne a shekarar 1916 ya samu takardar izinin Burtaniya kuma ya fara samar da yawa, ya zuwa yanzu, bakin karfen da aka samu a cikin datti da gangan ya shahara a duk fadin duniya, ana kuma san Henry Brearley a matsayin “mahaifin bakin karfe”.A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, a ko da yaushe ana mayar da bindigogin Birtaniyya a fagen fama a baya saboda dakin ya sawa kuma ba a iya amfani da shi.Sassan samar da sojoji sun ba da umarnin samar da babban ƙarfi mai jurewa gami da ƙarfe Breer Li, wanda ya ƙware wajen magance matsalar lalacewa.Brearley da mataimakinsa sun tattara nau'ikan karafa iri-iri da ake samarwa a gida da waje, nau'ikan kaddarorin nau'ikan karafa iri-iri, a cikin nau'ikan kayan aikin injiniya iri-iri na gwaje-gwajen aiki, sannan a zabi karfen da ya fi dacewa a cikin bindigogi.Wata rana, sun gwada wani nau'in ƙarfe na gida mai ɗauke da chromium mai yawa.Bayan gwajin da aka yi na hana sawa, an gano cewa wannan alluran ba ta juriya ba, wanda ke nuni da cewa ba za a iya yin amfani da bindiga ba.Don haka suka rubuta sakamakon gwajin kuma suka jefa su cikin wani lungu.Wata rana, bayan 'yan watanni, wani mataimaki ya garzaya zuwa Brearley da wani yanki na karfe mai sheki.Ya ce, "Yallabai, na sami alloy daga hannun Malam Mullah a lokacin da nake share ma'ajiyar."Madalla!"Brearley ta fad'a cike da farin ciki tana kallon k'arfe mai sheki.
Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna cewa baya tsoron acid, alkali, gishiri bakin karfe.Bakin karfe wani mullah dan kasar Jamus ne ya kirkiro shi a shekarar 1912, amma mullah bai san me ake nufi da shi ba.
Brearley ya yi mamakin cewa: "Shin za a iya amfani da irin wannan ƙarfe, wanda ba ya jurewa amma lalata, don amfani da kayan tebur, ba ga bindigogi ba?"Ya ce busasshe ya fara yin wuka na bakin karfe, cokali mai yatsa, cokali, farantin ’ya’yan itace da wuka nadawa.
Yanzu aikace-aikacen bakin karfe yana da yawa, buƙatun kuma yana ƙaruwa, sannan na gaba shine magana akan rarrabuwa da aikace-aikacen bakin karfe.
Duk karafa suna amsawa tare da iskar oxygen a cikin yanayi don samar da fim din oxide a saman.Abin baƙin ciki shine, baƙin ƙarfe oxide da ke samuwa a kan ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon yana ci gaba da yin oxidize, yana barin lalata ta fadada kuma a ƙarshe ta samar da ramuka.Ana iya kiyaye saman ƙarfe na carbon ta hanyar sanya wuta tare da fenti ko ƙarfe masu tsayayya da oxidization kamar zinc, nickel da chromium, amma, kamar yadda aka sani, wannan kariyar fim ne kawai.Idan Layer na kariya ya karye, karfen da ke ƙarƙashinsa ya fara yin tsatsa.
Mai jure wa iska, tururi, ruwa da sauran rauni mai rauni matsakaici da acid, alkali, gishiri da sauran sinadarai masu lalata matsakaicin lalata na ƙarfe.Har ila yau aka sani da bakin acid - karfe mai juriya.A aikace aikace, karfe mai raunin juriya ana kiransa bakin karfe, kuma karfen da ke da juriyar lalata ana kiransa karfe mai juriya acid.Saboda bambancin sinadaran sinadaran, tsohon ba dole ba ne mai juriya ga lalata matsakaicin sinadarai, yayin da na karshen ya kasance mai juriya ga tsatsa.Juriya na lalata na bakin karfe 2 ya dogara da abubuwan da aka haɗa a cikin karfe.Chromium shine ainihin kashi don yin juriyar lalata bakin karfe.Lokacin da abun ciki na chromium a cikin karfe ya kai kusan 12%, chromium da oxygen a cikin matsakaiciyar lalata suna amsawa don samar da fim ɗin oxide na bakin ciki sosai (fim ɗin wucewar kai) akan saman ƙarfe, wanda zai iya hana ƙarin lalata na matrix na ƙarfe.Baya ga chromium, abubuwan gami da nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium, jan ƙarfe, nitrogen, da sauransu, don saduwa da buƙatun amfani daban-daban na tsarin ƙarfe da aiki.
Na biyu, rarrabuwar bakin karfen bakin karfe yawanci ana kasu kashi:
1. Ferritic bakin karfe.Chromium 12% ~ 30%Juriyarsa ta lalata, tauri da walƙiya yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓaka abun ciki na chromium, da juriya ga lalatawar damuwa na chloride ya fi sauran baƙin ƙarfe.
2. Austenitic bakin karfe.Ya ƙunshi fiye da 18% chromium, 8% nickel da ƙaramin adadin molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen da sauran abubuwa.Kyakkyawan aiki mai mahimmanci, zai iya tsayayya da lalatawar kafofin watsa labaru iri-iri.
3. Austenitic ferrite duplex bakin karfe.Yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga austenitic da ferritic bakin karfe, kuma yana da superplasticity.
4. Martensitic bakin karfe.High ƙarfi, amma matalauta plasticity da weldability.
Uku, halaye da amfani da bakin karfe.
Hudu, bakin karfe saman tsari.
Biyar, kowane nau'in marufi na niƙa na ƙarfe da manyan samfuran samarwa.
Sauran gida karfe niƙa: Shandong Taigang, Jiangyin Zhaoshun, Xinghua Dayan, Xi 'an Huaxin, Kudu maso yamma, Gabas musamman karfe, wadannan kananan masana'antu, yafi amfani da sharar gida sarrafa farantin, baya samar da tsari, farantin surface bambanci, babu inji yi garanti, kashi kashi. Abubuwan da ke cikin babban masana'anta kusan iri ɗaya ne, farashin yana da arha fiye da babban masana'anta tare da ƙirar iri ɗaya.
Shigo da karfe niƙa: Shanghai Krupp, Afirka ta Kudu, Arewacin Amirka, Japan, Belgium, Finland, shigo da hukumar samar da fasaha ci-gaba, da tsabta da kuma kyau hukumar surface, datsa datsa, farashin ne mafi girma fiye da na gida daidai model.
Shida, samfurin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bakin karfe da girman: bakin karfe farantin yana ƙunshe da girma da girman farantin asali:
1. Ana raba nadi zuwa nadi mai sanyi da nadi mai zafi, yankakken nadi da danyen nadi.
2. The kauri na sanyi birgima nada ne kullum 0.3-3mm, akwai 4-6mm kauri na sanyi birgima takardar, nisa na 1m, 1219m, 1.5m, bayyana ta 2B.
3. The kauri na zafi birgima girma ne kullum 3-14mm, akwai 16mm girma, nisa ne 1250, 1500, 1800, 2000, tare da NO.1.
4. Rolls tare da nisa na 1.5m, 1.8m da 2.0m an yanke gefen Rolls.
5. Nisa na burr roll shine gabaɗaya 1520, 1530, 1550, 2200 da sauransu fiye da faɗin al'ada.
6. Dangane da farashin, samfurin iri ɗaya na yankan gefen yi da ɗanyen gefuna gabaɗaya ya bambanta kusan yuan 300-500.
7. Za'a iya gyara ƙarar bisa ga tsawon bukatun abokin ciniki, bayan an kira na'urar budewa ta bude farantin.Cold rolling general bude 1m*2m, 1219*2438 kuma ana kiransa 4*8 feet, hot rolling general bude 1.5m*6m, 1.8m*6m, 2m*6m, bisa ga wadannan masu girma dabam da ake kira misali farantin ko kafaffen girman farantin.
Ainihin farantin kuma ana kiranta da takarda guda ɗaya:
1. The kauri daga cikin asali hukumar ne kullum tsakanin 4mm-80mm, akwai 100mm da 120mm, wannan kauri za a iya gyarawa mirgina.
2. Nisa na 1.5m, 1.8m, 2m, tsawon fiye da 6m.
3. Features: Farantin na asali yana da babban girma, farashi mai yawa, mai wuyar pickling da sufuri maras dacewa.
Bakwai, bambancin kauri:
1. Saboda injunan niƙa na ƙarfe a cikin aikin mirgina, na'urar tana da zafi kaɗan, wanda ke haifar da kauri na birgima daga karkacewar farantin, gabaɗaya mai kauri a tsakiya da bakin ciki a bangarorin biyu.Lokacin auna kauri na allo, jihar za ta auna tsakiyar ɓangaren shugaban hukumar.
2. Haƙuri an raba gaba ɗaya zuwa manyan juzu'i da ƙananan haƙuri bisa ga kasuwa da buƙatar abokin ciniki.
Takwas, da rabon kowane bakin karfe abu:
1. 304, 304L, 304J1, 321, 201, 202 takamaiman nauyi 7.93.
2. 316, 316L, 309S, 310S takamaiman nauyi 7.98.
3. Matsakaicin jerin 400 shine 7.75.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-23-2022